Stone Henge.
Have you heard of me?
Ranking among the most famous archaeological sites, a circle of stones sits somewhere in the British countryside, home to wandering sheep and modern day pagan rituals, although even those have been put on hold for Coronavirus.
Estimated to have been constructed sometime between 2000 and 3000 BC , the years from then to 2020 have been full of speculation as to its origins, purpose, and method of construction.
Myths abound as to its purpose. Folklore claims it was built by Merlin, who magically brought the stones from Ireland and was assisted in construction by giants. Some say it was built when the Danes invaded, others tout it as a Roman temple, perhaps even a landing area for alien spacecrafts in the far past. Most modern visitors and scientists believe the site to be either a holy site or a celestial observatory, both citing its celestial alignments.
After many years of archaeological study, it has been determined that the monument was built over a span of many years, rather than in a single moment. It began as a circular depression in the earth surrounded by a mound. Following this, wooden posts were erected, and then the stones placed; however, it is likely that this was not the first arrangement of the stones. Instead researchers suggest the stones were rearranged at least three times prior to resting in the places we see them today. A recent discovery suggests that the stones were quarried approximately 15 miles from the final circle, transported to the site through analog means, and tilted into place.
It is estimated that it took well over 20 billion hours to construct Stonehenge.
Geometry:
To the right is what some historians assume to be the original layout of Stonehenge given the darkened stones that are remaining.
The overall geometry is a set of two offset circles, the outer defined by the iconic post and lintel stones, with an inner circle of smaller standing stones.
The ellipse nested inside defines the area of the central standing stones, at the center of which there may have been some kind of altar.
Photograph (first): Udit Kapoor / CC BY-SA